Essay John Lockes Theories in The Declaration of...

John Lockes Theories in The Declaration of Independence When looking at the Declaration of Independence and the justifications which Jefferson used in order to encourage the dissolve of the ties between the United Colonies and Great Britain, it becomes apparent how much of the theories of John Locke that Jefferson used as the basis for his argument. Focusing particularly on the second paragraph of the Declaration, the arguments for the equality of each man and the formation and destruction of governments come almost directly from Lockes Second Treatise of Government. The other arguments in the Declaration of Independence deal primarily with each citizens rights and the natural freedoms of all men, two areas that Locke also spent†¦show more content†¦This idea comes almost directly from Lockes ideas that the state exists to preserve the rights of its citizens and that the citizens have the right to break up the government if it is not doing so. This argument is in shown chapter thirteen, section 149, of The Second Treatise of Gove rnment where Locke says that even after forming a government, there remains still in the people a supreme power to remove or alter the legislative when they find the legislative act contrary to the trust reposed in them#8230;and thus the community perpetually retains a supreme power of saving themselves from the attempts and designs of anybody,#8230;[who would] carry on designs against the liberties and properties of the subject. Locke also acknowledges that the executive branch which enforces the laws and therefore includes the police and military could turn that force against the people and their elected representatives, the legislature. Locke says that would constitute a state of war with the people who have a right to reinstate their legislature. Jefferson used this idea in particular to defend his move to dissolve ties with Britain saying that Britain had used its military powers against the people of the Colonies and therefore a state of war with them had resulted. In The Second Treatise of Government, Locke also discusses the ends ofShow MoreRelatedAge Of Enlightenment755 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual thinkers, such as John Locke, which helped shape and influence modern government and politics. John Locke is recognized as the father of classical liberalism, introducing the Two Treatises of Government, Social Contract, and private property, which formed the basis for the constitutions in westernized democratic powers such as the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The Two Treatises of Government became the most influential pieces of work that John Locke had created during theRead MoreThe Enlightenment Theory Of John Locke1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enlightenment theory philosophies of John Locke offered a future that could drastically change government, economic and social ideals. Thomas Jefferson borrowed liberally from the enlightenment theory from John Locke, specifically focusing on Locks theories of the equality of men, natural rights, and that people should have a say on how the government treated people. Jefferson created a draft document created a bold experiment, America. The enlightenment philosophy of John Locke theorized thatRead MoreThe Inspiration of the Declaration of Independence1203 Words   |  5 PagesMany of us tend to wonder what was the inspiration of the Declaration of Independence? What or who influenced one of the greatest founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, to create such an important document in our American hist ory. To really understand what influenced Thomas Jefferson, we must understand some of the men who inspired him when creating this document. Its also important for us to understand the philosophies these men went by, and why Thomas Jefferson wanted incorporate their philosophiesRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of The Declaration Of Independence2480 Words   |  10 PagesJohn Locke, an influential English philosopher, has been considered one of the greatest thinkers during the Enlightenment. Well-known for his fundamental role in developing political philosophy, John Locke is widely regarded as â€Å"the Father of Liberalism†. Furthermore, being a pioneer empiricist, his famous theory of the human mind as containing non-innate ideas is often seen as an inspiration for contemporary empiricists. He also contributed to the social contract theory. This theory states that:Read MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesContract, the D eclaration of Independence is a document that sets out to explain the relationship between a government and its people based on an an understanding of that relationship. The Declaration of Independence was composed by Thomas Jefferson in 1766, and shares many of the same ideals as The Social Contract. The Social Contract and the Declaration of Independence are more similar than different because Jean-Jacques Rousseau influenced John Locke, whose Social Contract Theories directly influencedRead MoreSocial Contract Theory of John Locke Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Contract Theory of John Locke Given the honored and extensive authority that the social contract theory upholds, the supposition still endures various assessments. The view that people’s ethical and political responsibilities are reliant upon a contract between them to structure a society is also precisely linked with current ethical and political theory. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), a prominent truth-seeker among other professions of the 17th and early 18th centuries, is primarily recognizedRead MoreThe Influence of Locke’s Social Contract on the Declaration of Independence869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influence of Locke’s Social Contract on The Declaration of Independence During the 1700s the American settlers suffered the abuses from their Mother England, and constantly fought through the rebellious spirit that lived within them. As their last hopes for independence dissolved by the greediness of the king, a man raised his voice, encouraging his subalterns to defend their freedoms. Richard Henry Lee proclaimed, â€Å"that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independentRead MoreJohn Locke1815 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Englishmen, John Locke. John Locke was a philosophical influence in both political theory and theoretical philosophy, which was embraced among the era of 1789-1914 and the concept of equal rights among men. John Locke’s writings influenced the works of multiple diplomats concerning liberty and the social contract between society and the government. Locke’s ideology of man and power was the base for the concept of separation of powers. As one of the enlightenment thinkers, John Locke wrote theRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows John Locke’s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as in both theRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Liberalism And Marxism Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Philosophy of Liberalism and Marxism John Locke and Karl Marx are two of the most influential philosophers when it comes to politics and how we should govern. Locke, regarded as the Father of Liberalism and Marx, the Father of Marxism, had many conflicting ideas and philosophies but their works are deep seeded into modern politics we know today and are still widely disputed John Locke’s An essay of Human Understanding in 1689. One of its main concepts is that knowledge is gained by experience

Heuristic And Bias Of Decision Making - 2375 Words

Heuristic and bias in decision-making If I was given A$50,000 to invest on a portfolio of stocks, what should I choose as a starter without any experience on shares? According to van der Pligt (2001) the study of human decision-making is an interdisciplinary project including economics, statistics as well as psychology, and moreover, decision making behavior involving almost all branches of psychology. After three weeks’ simulation of trading on Australian Stock Exchange, in retrospect, I amazingly find there are substantial bias impacts on my decision with respect to choosing, selling and keeping stocks. The following table lists the most fundamental heuristic or bias I had during the time I made decisions for stocks: Table 1: Decision Heuristic/Bias Heuristic/Bias Buying Holding Selling Regression to the Mean +/- + - Gambler’s Fallacy + + 0 Confirmation Bias 0 + + Efficient Market Hypothesis - 0 0 Explanation of symbols: + overemphasis of the heuristic/bias - overlook of the heuristic/bias 0 absence of the heuristic/bias Regression to the Mean Regression to the mean is the law of nature that if the observations are higher or lower than the average measurement, the expected value’s tendency progresses toward the mean (Week 4 Lecture Slides). More or less, we have some basic statistical knowledge learnt whether from schools or through our past experience. Consequently, we are aware of the importance of the meanShow MoreRelatedDecision Making A Rational Approach1572 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate effective judgment and decision making a rational approach must be taken in order to reach an optimal decision. I am diagnosed with a high functioning form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. This condition drives me to act exceptionally irrational in my judgments and decisions. I strive each day to improve my skills and decrease the impact of my irrational fears. With a major of management, my future career undoubtedly be filled with tough decisions and judgment calls that require a calmRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approache s And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1441 Words   |  6 Pagesof equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making acts a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the potential cost of assets. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal or external vulnerabilitiesRead MoreEffective Appraisal Approaches And Its Influence On Investment Decision Making1419 Words   |  6 Pagesof equipment or inventory by owner in order to improve future business. (Kahraman, 2011) Moreover, the part of decision-making preforms a crucial role in business investment that depends upon the investor’s profit expectation, the availability to finance the investment and the po tential cost of asset. (Virlics, 2013) However, risk and uncertainty are the basic terms to the decision-making framework. Risk can be defined as the probability or threat of outcomes or loss that is caused by internal orRead MoreThe Implications Of Prospect Theory814 Words   |  4 Pageswillingness, which means greater risk aversion for precautionary decisions under risk (Kusev, P., van Schaik, P., Ayton, P., Dent, J. Chater, N. 2009). These are called heuristics and biases in decision making. In this part, other heuristics and biases of framing of the problem, gambler’s fallacy and overconfidence will be discussed in depth with respective example and ACAR of its significance on process of making decisions. Firstly, the bias is framing of the problem. When people frame the problem inRead MoreProspect Theory And Expected Utility Theory1419 Words   |  6 PagesNegotiations and decisions are act as key counterparts in every business. A clear definition as well as the recognition of core elements surrounding the decision making process is required to reach a suitable decision. These approaches purpose to be achieved clear concerns before a final decision-making. This paper will outline prospect theory and discuss the differences between prospect theory and expected utility theory. Following will be, as explanation of the biases and heuristics of the investmentRead MoreEthics And Supports Appraisal Activities1142 Words   |  5 Pages Analyzing Heuristics There are a few heuristics recorded all through the case study that go about as a particular general guideline or contention that were the most relevant to the conflict in this case and supports appraisal activities. Commonly, these heuristics are one-sided and in light of general understanding, which may not fit every last circumstance. Perusing the transcripts, a few employees made remarks that reflected such heuristics. Michael expressed, â€Å"this is a really tough environmentRead MoreHeuristic Thinking Is The Refined Mental Process People Use When Faced With An Alternative1225 Words   |  5 PagesHeuristic thinking is the refined mental process people use when faced with an alternative. Such decisions are typically made quickly and unconsciously. Quickly making a decision without thinking through every detail can be advantageous but it can lead to biases and inconsistencies. There are four common biases caused by heuristics; relative comparisons, availability, representative ness, and affective. The first bias, relative comparison, is when people criticize based off of correlation or affiliationRead MorePalm Inc Analysis Essays1589 Words   |  7 PagesManagers/CFOs often use heuristics for valuation purposes as opposed to traditional methods such as the DCF. Metrics such as the ones used by Palms CFO, the P/E and price-to-sales, are often easier to use and require less research and fewer variables. However, relying on such metrics can lead to the affect heuristic. DCF is the methodology that should be used to ensure the fundamental value is accurate. The application of heuristics in valuation is often subject to bias. The bias can stem from incorrectRead MoreEthics And Supports Appraisal Activities1144 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing Heuristics There are a few heuristics recorded all through the case study that go about as a particular general guideline or contention that were the most relevant to the conflict in this case and supports appraisal activities. Commonly, these heuristics are one-sided and in light of general understanding, which may not fit every last circumstance. Perusing the transcripts, a few employees made remarks that reflected such heuristics. Michael expressed, â€Å"this is a really tough environmentRead MoreChapter 8 : Behavioral Economics1490 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant to me for many reasons. Mostly to reverse already previously ingrained bad habits from my child development, to have the knowledge and skills to prevent myself from taking any new bad habits, and to better correct my decisions based off any of the biases and/or heuristics that I may be affected by, especially inadvertently. Also, it just burns my curiosity, very deeply, to understand behavior from a very macro view of society and humans. To begin with, System 1 is the automatic, emotional

Reconstruction of america after civil war Essay Example For Students

Reconstruction of america after civil war Essay At the close of the American Civil War in 1865, the United States government was faced with the tremendously difficult problem of re-integrating the Confederate States into the Union. Between 1865 and 1877 this problem was addressed by various forms of Reconstruction, programs whose goals also included the rebuilding of the ravaged Southern economy, and the integration of freed slaves and other African Americans into citizenship and culture at large. Complicated by an incompetent president, corruption, and a backlash by southern culture, the success of Reconstruction as far as achieving its objectives is questionable. If we, however, look at the Reconstructions achievements in culturally relative terms, we will see that it truly did make progress and pave the way for an eventual return to normalcy. The first obstacle that Reconstruction faced was the very president who started it, Andrew Johnson. Johnson became president following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in May of 1865. Johnson announced a new plan for Reconstruction, canceling out Lincolns plan, within a month of the assassination, and without consulting Congress. (Boyer, et al., The Enduring Vision, 574) This action marked the beginning of a conflict between the president and Congress, Radical Republicans in particular. The conflict eventually resulted in increased difficulties for Reconstruction. Johnsons Reconstruction led to the pardoning of approximately 13,000 former Confederates and wealthy Southerners. These groups helped write the so-called Black Codes, a set of laws which left the freedmen some basic rights gained by the 13th Amendment but which essentially kept former slaves from being truly liberated. (Boyer, et al., 575-576) Confronted with a president whose Reconstruction plans were viewed as feeble, moderate and radical republican factions joined forces. The new coalition worked together to overturn the black codes with Lyman Trumbulls Supplementary Freedmens Bureau bill. Johnson vetoed this bill and went on to veto the Civil Rights Act of 1866 as well, claiming that it would operate in favor of the colored and against the white race. The coalition Congress overrode both of these vetoes and six more after that. Although the Republicans managed to get their agenda through, the schism caused by Johnsons confusing actions made things significantly more difficult. (Boyer, et al., 576-577, 580) Corruption soured southerners against Republican efforts. According to Boyer, Republican rule could be seen as the most stupendous system of organized robbery in history. (589) In Louisiana, for example, the governor stole state funds and corruption accompanied every government transaction. It can easily be imagined that Southern Democrats noticed and resented this profiteering. Corruption extended to the presidential level under the rule of President Grant, as well. Known as Grantism, bribery, scandal, and profiteering were characteristic of this time period. The wide-spread corruption led to the formation of the Liberal Republican faction. The Liberals served to make the political scene even more chaotic and opposed Reconstruction, claiming that it had already achieved its goal and that it was only serving to spawn more corruption. (Boyer, 589) Another obstacle to Reconstruction was the backlash of southern anti-black culture against the newly imposed legislation freeing and enfranchising African-Americans. As early as 1865, directly after the war, the Freedmans Bureau was reporting acts of terrorism against blacks. (Boyer, 590) Vigilante groups sprung up all across the former Confederacy, and the notorious Ku Klux Klan developed into the most wide-spread. By 1868, Klan chapters existed in every southern state. (Boyer, 590) Actions by the Klan, such as night raids, served to intimidate the black populace and prevent them from voting. The Klan also leveled their fury against Republicans, Freedmans Bureau officials, and successful blacks. Condemned by Republican legislatures and in violation of many laws, the Klan was able to continue its terrorism because the militias couldnt enforce the law and local governments wouldnt convict the wrong-doers. The government would have needed to provide a large military presence in the South to truly prevent the Klan from their crimes, but in fact, the opposite occurred and troops were gradually withdrawn. .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .postImageUrl , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:hover , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:visited , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:active { border:0!important; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:active , .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7 .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b18b5bb36fc5cea843aabadebf9b5d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bioethics Essay (Boyer, 590-591) The Klans actions, in my eyes, proved to be the biggest obstacle to Reconstruction because no matter what Reconstruction measures managed to get passed, the Klan was there to render it at least partially ineffective. In addition to the .

Sexual Pressures Essays - Fertility, Sexual Acts, Sexual Health, RTT

Sexual Pressures The media is just one of the factors responsible for the increase in teen sexuality. Throughout a humans adolescents years they are subject to a number of sexual pressures. Through research I have found that peers are among the most influential. An adolescent is not limited to peer pressure though. They face pressures from the media as well. I believe that media pressure is just a influential as peer pressure. There is also other pressure, from people such as older friends, parents, and just adults in general. Peers is a term that can be defined as friends. I have found that many teens have friends that are athletes. In high schools, boy athletes outscore all of the other boys with the girls(Elias 1). On the other hand , girls on sports teams are much less sexually active than other females who do not play sports(Elias 1). This shows that male athletes are far more pressuring each other on the issue of sexuality. So for males who are into sports they are subjected to a host of pressures and can as a result do things they would not normally do. On the contrary, I found that females who do sports are far less pressured and influenced about sex. In fact they are far less likely to be sexually active than teen females who do not participate in sports. I believe that all teens in general should know the results of being a sexually active teen. There are many consequences of being sexually active, one of the major one being sexually transmitted diseases. A sexually transmitted disease might not sound so bad but, some can cause sterility and even worse , death. Even when condoms are used, a STD can still be transmitted. Depending on the type of std they can or can not be cured. A few diseases that can not be cured include herpes, HPV, And HIV, which later turns into the virus AIDS. The disease HPV can cause cervical cancer and HIV results in a long, painful death. Almost a third of sexually active teens contracted a new STD within a mere six months, reported one study, even among condom users(Terilliger 2). Once a teen has become sexually active he or she must assume new roles. Males must think about the issue of perhaps becoming a father by accident of intentionally. Moreover, females must think about all the consequences of having sex. No sex happens to be the safest form of sexual activity. It is not hard for a condom to break of for birth control pills to be forgotten once or twice during a cycle to cause a pregnancy. In addition, once a female becomes pregnant there are few options she can explore. In a like manner, adults are an impact on a teens sexuality. Most teens look up to an adult and admire them. Likewise, they want to try to be like there idol. This is why an adult can have a profound impact on a teen trying to cope with the pressures of sexuality. That is why all adults in all classes of society should watch what they do or say in relation to teens. For example, The President of the United States was adulterous and lied about it. We as society say so what? when the accusations surfaced at first(Kavanagh 13). In the same fashion, the media plays a huge part of sexual pressures exerted on a teen. One way being television. Television at the present time is full of vulgarness and sex. As far as prime time television is concerned is safer to watch old re runs of the Lucy Show and the Cosby Show. they ere from an era where sex was not such a prime time staple(Riley 186). This show how much society has changed concerning sex. In the old times sex was not a way to get better ratings like it is today. Similarly, music has an impact on an adolescents sexuality. Rap lyrics at the current time are full of obscenities and words concerning sex. In the rapper Eminem's song Role Model , he says, Im going to rape her and leave her, once I get near her(mathers 1). When the media says these kind of things teens are lead to believe that this type of behavior is normal and should not be digressed. Every teen listens to some kind of

Free Essays on Bilingual Education

Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education in the United States is growing rapidly. The growing number of immigrants and the need for children to adapt to American culture while keeping their culture as well is very important. There has been many break throughs and different views on which method is the best way to teach immigrants and children. One goal, which is to take place at the elementary level, is bilingual education. Bilingual education is the sanctioned use of more than one language in schools throughout the United States. In 1968 the bilingual Education Act was passed to mandate schools to provide bilingual education programs. The act states individuals who have a limited proficiency of English must be taught to speak the language. These people can be referred to in three ways. A) Any individual who were not born in the United States or whose native language is a language other than English. B) Individuals who come from environments where language other than English is dominate and C) individuals who are American Indian, Alaskan natives and who come from areas where language other than English has had a significant impact on their level of English proficiency, and who by reason by reason have difficulty speaking, reading, writing or understanding the English language. To deny such individuals the opportunit y to learn and successfully speak the English language in a classroom, denies a person the chance to communicate within society and therefore is a violation of this act. In the article New Trends in Language Education for Hispanic Students by Wendy Schwartz, she writes about bilingual strategies for the youth. Native Spanish speaking students need to stay in the bilingual program until they have a foundation that enables them to master other academic subjects. Students learning a second language require constant school assistance and effort. The schools must also convey high expectations that the student will become literate in E... Free Essays on Bilingual Education Bilingual education, a preferred strategy for the last 20 years, teaches academic subjects to immigrant children in their native languages (most often Spanish), while slowly and at the same time adding English instruction. In theory, the children don't fall behind in other subjects while they are learning English. When they are fluent in English, they can then "transition" to English instruction in academic subjects at the grade level of other children their same age. Further, the theory goes, teaching immigrants in their native language puts importance on their family and community culture and reinforces their sense of self-worth, therefore making their academic success more likely (Duignan 5). Yet in recent years, bilingual education has created as much controversy as any other education issue. Most educators and parents agree that the main goals in educating students with a native language other than English are mastery of English and mastery of content in academic areas. But a heated academic and political battle is being fought over how is the best way to reach those goals and how important it is to preserve the students’ original language in the process (Adely 2). Though a fair amount of opposition exists in relation to these programs, the general trend is of support of the economic and academic advantages of the bilingual program. When schools provide children quality education in their primary language, they give them two things: knowledge and literacy. The knowledge that children get through their first language helps make the English they hear and read more comprehensible. Literacy developed in the primary language transfers to the second language. The reason is simple: Because we learn to read by reading- that is, by understanding what is on the page (Duignan 10)- it is easier to learn to read in a language we understand. Once we can read in one language, we can read in general. The best bilingual educatio...

Hetaira, the Greek Courtesans

Hetaira, the Greek Courtesans Hetaira- or  hetaera- is the ancient Greek word for a type of highly skilled prostitute or courtesan. The daughters and wives of Athenian citizens were sheltered from men and most serious education at least partly in order to assure their suitability as citizen wives. Adult female companionship at drinking parties (the famous symposium) could be supplied by a high priced prostitute- or hetaira. Such women might be accomplished musicians, rich, well-educated, and agreeable companions. Aspasia of Miletus Pericles- one of the most important leaders of his time- had a mistress named Aspasia of Miletus. Due to her status as a  foreigner, she may have been doomed to become a hetaira. At the time, those who were not native citizens of Athens were unable to marry Athenian citizens. Her life was likely the richer for it, however. Erotic Entertainers Other hetairai (hetairai is a plural form of hetaira) provided funds for civic improvements. According to an article from the Perseus Digital Library titled,  The Representation Of Prostitutes Versus Respectable Women On Ancient Greek Vases: These women were essentially sexual entertainers and often had artistic skills. Hetairai had physical beauty but also had intellectual training and possessed artistic talents; attributes that made them more entertaining companions to Athenian men at parties than their legitimate wives.- Perseus Digital Library Daughters of DemeteronHetaira According to Daughters of Demeter, women in Athens, though not trained in athletics, seem nevertheless to have had opportunities for sport and exercise. They go on to say  that the wealthy learned to read and gathered in private homes to share music and poetry.

AIG Bailout and AIG Bailout Exit Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIG Bailout and AIG Bailout Exit Plan - Essay Example Post the financial stress, AIG’s credit rating was downgraded and it required $14.5 billion in collateral in order to improve the credit rating. When private banks denied support, government became the sole option. For the US government, it was a hard bargain. After many rounds of meetings the government decided to lend up to $85 billion. But this threshold was later crossed and the total bailout value reached about $182 billion in different forms. This resulted in the government owning 80% of the then struggling insurer. This equity holding was in the form of equity participation notes. This loan was granted by the government for a period of 2 years. The government had negotiated on all ways to protect the taxpayers’ money. This two year loan carried an interest rate of 8.5% points plus the LIBOR rate. Apart from that it also carried collateral right on major assets of AIG. Thus, if market and the company prosper, the government will receive huge returns through its eq uity stake. If it happens otherwise, it can recoup the investment through the claim on assets and the interest on loans. The government bailout helped AIG to sell off its unprofitable business and to get restructured into a healthy operational position. Exit Plan AIG’s bailout exit plan came out in the mid of 2010.